PANDAS - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) describes a hypothesis that there exists a subset of children with rapid onset of obsessive- compulsive disorder (OCD) or tic disorders and these symptoms are caused by group A beta- hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infections. It has been proposed that this autoimmune response can result in a broad range of neuropsychiatric symptoms. The cause is thought to be akin to that of Sydenham's chorea, which is known to result from childhood Group A streptococcal (GAS) infection leading to the autoimmune disorder acute rheumatic fever of which Sydenham's is one manifestation. Like Sydenham's, PANDAS is thought to involve autoimmunity to the brain's basal ganglia. Unlike Sydenham's, PANDAS is not associated with other manifestations of acute rheumatic fever, such as inflammation of the heart. Its proposed age of onset and clinical features reflect a particular group of patients chosen for research studies, with no systematic studies of the possible relationship of GAS to other neurologic symptoms. There is controversy over whether its symptom of choreiform movements is distinct from the similar movements of Sydenham's. It is not known whether the pattern of abrupt onset is specific to PANDAS. Finally, there is controversy over whether there is a temporal relationship between GAS infections and PANDAS symptoms. As the clinical spectrum of PANDAS appears to resemble that of Tourette's syndrome, some researchers hypothesized that PANDAS and Tourette's may be associated; this idea is controversial and a focus for current research. Because the antibodies set off an immune reaction which damages those tissues, the child with rheumatic fever can get heart disease (especially mitral valve regurgitation), arthritis, and/or abnormal movements known as Sydenham's chorea or . Read Book PDF Online Here http:// 100 Facts About Pandas Now. Giant panda cubs weigh 45 kg (100 pounds). List of giant pandas; Panda tea; Pygmy giant panda. Panda Facts At a Glance (N.d.). Ryder, Joanne (2001). 100 facts about pandas pdf free . David O Doherty, Claudia O Doherty, Mike Ahern. 100.Facts.about.Pandas.pdf Announcement: 100 Facts About Sharks is Blooming Well Out 100 facts about sharks. Interesting panda facts, including statistics, history, habitat, biology. The life span of giant pandas in the wild is approximately 20 years. Top 10 Facts; Top 10 facts about giant pandas; Top 10 facts about giant pandas AS Edinburgh Zoo continues to wait to see if the giant panda Tian Tian is going to give birth, let’s have a few facts about these. In some rheumatic fever patients, autoantibodies may attack heart tissue, leading to carditis, or cross- react with joints, leading to arthritis. One part of the brain that may be affected in PANDAS is the basal ganglia, which is believed to be responsible for movement and behavior. It is thought that similar to Sydenham's chorea, the antibodies cross- react with neuronal brain tissue in the basal ganglia to cause the tics and OCD that characterize PANDAS. A later study (Snider, Lougee, et al, 2. The sample size, controls, and methodology of that study were criticized. The safety and efficacy of antibiotic therapy for patients meeting the PANDAS criteria needs to be determined in carefully designed trials. Title: 100 Facts About Pandas Author: Angelika Fruehauf Subject: 100 facts about pandas Keywords: Read Online 100 facts about pandas, 100 facts about pandas PDF, Download 100 facts about pandas Created Date: 20160903194413-04'00'.The ubiquity of strep throats, the tremendous societal implications of over- treatment (e. With the level of desperation among Internet- armed parents, this controversy has sparked contentious disagreements, too often lacking both objectivity and civility. The link may be most relevant in this group of disorders collectively described as PANDAS. Of concern, public awareness has outpaced our scientific knowledge base, with multiple magazine and newspaper articles and Internet chat rooms calling this issue to the public's attention. Compared with ~ 2. Medline. This gap between public interest in PANDAS and conclusive evidence supporting this link calls for increased scientific attention to the relationship between GAS and OCD/tics, particularly examining basic underlying cellular and immune mechanisms. For now we have only to offer our standard therapies in treating OCD and tics, but one day we may have evidence that also allows us to add antibiotics or other immune- specific treatments to our armamentarium. The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). 100 kg More » Related. Learn all you wanted to know about giant pandas with pictures, videos, photos, facts, and news from National Geographic. Learn all you wanted to know about giant pandas with. The giant panda has an insatiable appetite for. PANDA FACTS AND INFORMATION. Our facts and information is perfect for school reports, teachers. Red Pandas or Lesser Panda. Singer said there were . Clin Pract Epidemol Ment Health. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 3. PANDAS is not yet a validated nosological construct. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. Despite continued research in the field, the relationship between GAS and specific neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS) remains elusive. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Practical considerations for the clinician. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. There are 2 subspecies, which live in slightly different geographical areas. As implied by their name, red pandas are red, and have white and black markings. Their legs and bellies are black. Their tails are ringed. They even have fur on the soles of their feet, which helps them stay warm in the high altitudes where they live. These rare animals mainly eat bamboo and will spend up to 1. The red panda only eats the young, tender shoots and leaves. They will also eat fruit, berries, blossoms, insects, and bird eggs. Occasionally they eat fungi, seeds, acorns, young birds, and small rodents. Litters of red panda range from 1 to 4 babies. Newborn cubs are covered in thick gray fur and weigh only 4 to 5 ounces. Their eyes and ears are closed at birth. Cubs stay in the nest for about 9. They are full size at 1. Red pandas are most active in the early morning and late afternoon. They sleep in trees with their tails curled around themselves. They communicate using body language and a variety of sounds, including a warning whistle. The red panda’s tail helps its balance when climbing. Red pandas move slowly on the ground. Red pandas are endangered mainly due to loss of habitat, but also due to hunting for their fur to make hats, etc. The snow leopard, clouded leopard and wild dogs are the red panda’s natural predators. Fun Red Panda Facts - The Red Panda is about the size of a raccoon and weighs 7 to 1. They are about 2. Their other names include: Bear- cat, Bright Panda, Cat- bear, Fire Fox, Lesser Panda, Petit Panda and Poonya. - Their claws are partially retractable. They have an extended bone which is like a “thumb.” - Red pandas live 1. Over the winter red pandas often lose up to 1. References
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